Ngokuqinisekile, cishe isifo esiye sabangela umonakalo omkhulu emakatini ngokungaqondile. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela bezilwane abambalwa nabancane namuhla batshela abazali besikhathi esizayo ukuthi "kumele balahle isilwane." Ngoba? Inyamazane iyilungu lomndeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele ithandwe futhi inakekelwe esikhundleni sokusatshwa.
Uma uke uzibuze Ungasho kanjani ukuthi ikati lakho line-toxoplasmosis noma ufuna ukusiqonda kangcono lesi sifo, lesi sihloko sizokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezimpawu, izimbangela, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugwema ukutheleleka.
Iyini i-toxoplasmosis?
I-Toxoplasmosis yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-parasite I-Toxoplasma gondii. Le microorganism ingakwazi ukuthelela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele futhi, ikakhulukazi, amakati, okuwukuphela kwemikhosi eqondile ye-parasite. Kuzo, umjikelezo wokuphila we-parasite uyaqedwa futhi ama-oocysts akhululwa angangcolisa imvelo kanye ukuthelela ezinye izidalwa, kuhlanganise nabantu.
I-parasite ingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ku inyama eluhlaza, indle, amanzi angcolile, noma inyamazane enjengamagundwane nezinyoni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ikati elifuywayo elingaphumi ngaphandle futhi ukudla kwalo okulawulwayo line- ingozi ephansi kakhulu yokuhlushwa yilesi sifo, ngaphandle uma ihlangana nenyama eluhlaza ethelelekile noma indle yamanye amakati athwalayo.
Amakati asakazeka kanjani?
Amakati angangenwa yi-toxoplasmosis ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukungenisa inyamazane enegciwane: Amagundane, izinyoni noma ezinye izilwane eziqukethe ama-cysts we-parasite.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle: Kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka uma ukudla kungelashwanga ngendlela efanele.
- Ukungena kwamanzi noma ukudla okungcolile: Ama-oocysts achithelwa endle yamanye amakati angangcolisa imithombo yangaphandle.
- Ukudluliselwa kwe-Transplacental: Omama abanaleli gciwane bangadlulisela lesi sifo emazinyaneni abo ngesikhathi bekhulelwe.
Kubalulekile gcina inhlanzeko futhi ugcine ukulawula okwanele kokudla kwekati ukugwema noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okungenzeka.
Izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis emakati
Ezimweni eziningi, i-toxoplasmosis iyingozi i-asymptomatic, okusho ukuthi azibonakali izimpawu zokugula. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zenzeka, zingahluka kuye ngesistimu ethintekile:
- Izimpawu ze-Neurological: Ukuqhaqhazela, i-ataxia (ukunyakaza okungaqondakali), noma ukuthuthumela kwemisipha.
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula: I-Dyspnea (ukuphefumula kanzima) noma ukuphuma emakhaleni.
- Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla: Uhudo, ukuncipha kwesisindo kanye ne-anorexia.
- Ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile: Umkhuhlane, i-jaundice (isikhumba esiphuzi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila), ukukhathala noma i-lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes).
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumakati ane amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, izinkinga ezithinta isibindi, amaphaphu noma ngisho nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi zingase zenzeke, ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezilwane ngokushesha.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis emakati
Ukuxilongwa kwe-toxoplasmosis akusekelwe kuphela ekuboneni izimpawu, ngoba eziningi zazo zivamile kwezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuqondile:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Amasosha omzimba atholwa ngokumelene nawo I-Toxoplasma gondii ukunquma ukuthi ikati liye lachayeka yini ku-parasite.
- Izivivinyo zendle: Nakuba kuwusizo, lokhu akuqinisekisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba ama-oocysts achithwa isikhathi esifushane ngemva kokutheleleka kokuqala.
- Ukuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe okufana ne-PCR: Zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuba khona kwezakhi zofuzo ze-parasite emzimbeni wekati.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenziwe ngudokotela wezilwane oqeqeshiwe ongakwazi ukuchaza kahle imiphumela futhi asungule ukwelashwa okufanele uma kunesidingo.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwe-toxoplasmosis
Ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis emakati kuncike ekuqineni kokutheleleka kanye nesimo esijwayelekile sesilwane:
- Imithi elwa namagciwane: I-Clindamycin iyisidakamizwa esikhethwayo futhi sinikezwa amasonto ambalwa.
- Ama-anti-inflammatories: Ezimweni zokuvuvukala okukhulu, njenge-uveitis (ukuvuvukala kwamehlo), i-corticosteroids yama-topical ingasetshenziswa.
- Ukunakekelwa okusekelayo: Kuhlanganisa nokugcina ikati limanzi, ekudleni okunomsoco, futhi endaweni engenawo ukucindezeleka.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwelashwa kunqunywe futhi kugadwe udokotela wezilwane, ngoba ukuzelapha kungaba yingozi.
Ukuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis
Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ikati lakho namalungu omndeni wakho:
- Ungawaniki amakati inyama eluhlaza: Njalo pheka inyama ngaphambi kokuyinikela.
- Vimbela ukuthi bangaphumi ngaphandle: Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuzingela inyamazane ethelelekile.
- Ukuhlanzeka okufanele: Hlanza ithreyi kadoti nsuku zonke futhi uyibulale amagciwane ngamanzi ashisayo. Sebenzisa amagilavu uma uyiphatha.
- Ukulawulwa kwezilwane: Yenza ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ulandele uhlelo lokugoma kanye nokubulala izikelemu.
Lezi zinyathelo ziwusizo futhi ukunciphisa ingozi ukudluliselwa kubantu.
Izingozi kubantu
I-Toxoplasmosis i-zoonosis, okusho ukuthi ingadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukudluliselwa okuqondile kusuka kumakati kuya kubantu akuvamile kakhulu.
Amacala amaningi abantu avela ku udle inyama engaphekiwe noma ukuphatha ukudla ngaphandle kwenhlanzeko eyanele. Abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abangenawo amandla omzimba yibona abasengozini enkulu ye-parasite, ngakho-ke kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo nendle yekati futhi ungalokothi uphathe ithreyi likadoti ngaphandle kokuvikela okufanele.
Ukwazi ubungozi nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela kuvumela ukuphilisana phakathi kwabantu nezinsikazi ukuthi kuphephe futhi kunempilo. I-Toxoplasmosis akufanele ibe yisizathu sokushiya ikati; Ngolwazi oludingekayo nokunakekelwa, ukuhlalisana kungenzeka ngokuphelele.