Kunabantu abathile abathanda amakati ngempela, kepha kukhona abanye abafuna ukudlulela phambili, abafuna ukwazi ngokuphelele zonke izimfihlo zabo ukuze baziqonde kangcono: zingama-ethologist ethologists.
Laba bantu bangaba usizo olukhulu uma kwenzeka okuthile kumngane wethu onoboya esingakuqondi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, esingazi ukuthi singakuxazulula kanjani, njengokuzumayo ushintsho ekuziphatheni. Kodwa, Yini efundwa yi-feline ethology?
Iyini ngempela i-ethology yekati?
I-Ethology (ethos kusho isiko; Y ama-logos ihumusha kwisayensi) feline (ikati, kusho ukuthini "Ikati") Yigatsha le-biology kanye ne-psychology yokuhlola elifunda ukuziphatha kwekati esimweni "sasendle" noma semvelo, noma ngamanye amazwi: yisayensi ephenya ukuthi lesi silwane siziphatha kanjani endaweni yaso yemvelo.
Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, izazi ze-ethology zingakwazi, noma okungenani ukulindela izimpendulo zekati lapho ifakwa endaweni entsha nokuthi ingasabela kanjani ezinguqukweni zendlela yayo yansuku zonke, kokubili ekhaya nasendaweni yokwelapha noma emakoloni ezinja. Ngamanye amazwi, zisenza sikwazi ukubikezela nokuqonda ukusabela ezimweni ezintsha noma ezicindezelayo.
I-ethology yesimanje yamakati ayigcini nje ezifundweni zasendle: igxile nasekuqondeni ukuthi indawo yangaphakathi yekati (imizwa, okuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi esidlule, ubuhlungu, izifo) kanye nendawo ezungezile (ikhaya, umndeni wabantu, ezinye izilwane, imisindo, izinsiza) kuthonya ukuziphatha kwalo kwansuku zonke. Konke ikati elikucabangayo, elikuzwayo, nelihluphekayo kubonakala endleleni eliziphatha ngayo, futhi lokho kuyizinto ezisetshenziswa yisazi sezenhlalo.
Ngakho-ke, lo mkhakha usube ithuluzi elibalulekile kokubili kubanakekeli abazimele kanye imitholampilo yezilwane, izindawo zokukhosela izilwane kanye nezikhungo zokusindisaabadinga ukuqonda ukuziphatha ukuze bathuthukise ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​bavimbele izinkinga, futhi banciphise ukulahlwa okuhlobene nokuziphatha.
Ubunjalo bekati kanye nezidingo ezivamile
Kulungile manje khumbula ukuthi alikho ikati elifanaZonke zihlukile futhi azinakuthathelwa indawo, zinesimo sazo, izinga lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka, okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kwangaphambilini, kanye nezintandokazi zazo. Kodwa-ke, banezidingo ezivamile ezisabela esimweni sazo sekati, nokuthi kumele zikwazi ukuveza ukuze zilondoloze inhlalakahle enhle ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
Ezinye zalezi zindlela zemvelo ukuklwebha ngezinzipho zakho o khwela ezindaweni eziphakemeLezi yizindlela ezimbili zokuziphatha ezivamile zamakati: okokuqala kuyawasiza ukuthi aphawule indawo yawo, kanti okwesibili kuyawasiza ukuthi azizwe ephephile, njengoba ekwazi ukulawula kangcono indawo yawo evela phezulu futhi aphumule ngokuthula ngaphandle kokuzizwa esongelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga ukuba ne- indawo efanelekile yokulahla (ibhokisi likadoti elifanele nelibekwe kahle), indawo yokuphumula ethule, amathuba okudlala nokuzingela okulingisiwe, kanye nokudla okufanela izidingo zabo. Uma sibaphuca ithuba lokuziphatha njengamakati, sizobeka impilo-ntle yabo engcupheni futhi sandise ingozi yezinkinga zokuziphatha.
I-ethology yekati ifundisa abanakekeli indlela yokuhlela indlu ngezindlela ezahlukene. izindawo zekati ezichazwe kahle:
- Indawo yokulahla: lapho kutholakala khona imbobo yesihlabathi noma imigodi yesihlabathi, ezindaweni ezithule nezingenamsindo.
- Indawo yokudla: kufaka phakathi ukudla namanzi, okungcono kube sezitsheni ezilula ezihlukile ebhokisini lesihlabathi.
- Indawo yokuphumulaAmasofa, imibhede, noma izindawo eziphakeme lapho ikati lilala khona nalapho livame ukuklwebha khona.
- Indawo yokudlala nokuhlolaImigudu, izikrweqe eziqondile nezivundlile, amashalofu namathoyizi asebenzisanayo.
Izinkinga zokuziphatha ezivamile emakatini
Ekubonisaneni nge-ethology yamakati, ukuziphatha okuthile kubonakala njalo. izinkinga zokuziphatha ezivame kakhuluLezi yizizathu ezivame ukubangela ukuthi imindeni ifune usizo lochwepheshe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ukulahla okungalungile: ikati liyachama noma likhipha indle ngaphandle kwebhokisi lokulahla udoti, kungaba ngokuvundlile (ukuchama okuvamile okungafanele) noma ngokuvundlile (uphawu lomchamo).
- Ukumaka umchamoIkati lifutha izindawo eziqondile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yengxabano yendawo, ukuba khona kwamanye amakati, noma izinguquko endaweni ezungezile.
- Ubulukhuni kubantu noma kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, okungase kube ngenxa yokwesaba, ubuhlungu, indawo, ukudlala okungafanele, noma ulaka oluqondiswe ngqo.
- Izingxabano phakathi kwamakati: ukulwa, ukuxoshana, ukuvimba iminyango kanye nemigwaqo, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo noma ukungakwazi ukwabelana ngezikhala.
- Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuziphatha okuphoqayo: ukuzilungisa ngokweqile kuze kufike ezingeni lokulahlekelwa izinwele, ukudla ngokweqile, ukuzifihla njalo, noma ukuba sesimweni sokuqapha njalo.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinkinga zivela ngoba ikati liphila ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo Abazi ukuthi bangazisingatha kanjani lezi zimo: izinguquko ezisheshayo endleleni yomndeni, umsebenzi wokwakha, ukungeniswa kwesinye isilwane, amabhokisi okulahla udoti angafaneleki, ukuthintana ngokomzimba ngokweqile, imisindo emikhulu, ukuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza, noma izingxabano zendawo. Njengoba bengenakukwazi ukuxazulula lezi zimo ngokwabo, ukungezwani kuyanda kuze kube yilapho ukuziphatha okuyinkinga kubonakala.
Ungabonisana nini ne-feline ethologist?
Ungabonisana nini ne-feline ethologist? Ucela nini usizo? Kulula kakhulu: uma kuvela inkinga esingayiqondi futhi/noma esingazi ukuthi singayixazulula kanjani, njengale:
- Sekuyinto nolaka ngokuzumayo.
- Kube njalo waphathwa kabi esikhathini esedlule futhi wesaba kakhulu.
- Akalisebenzisi ibhokisi lakhe lesihlabathi.
- Ingabe kunjalo kugcizelelwe ngine ukukhathazeka.
- Unesikhathi esibi kakhulu lapho eyedwa, ekwazi ukucekela phansi ifenisha noma ukuzilimaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ikati libonakala izimpawu ezicashile zokungakhululeki Lezi zimpawu zivame ukunganakwa: ukuqaphela okukhulu, ukufihla njalo ngomsindo omncane, ukulala njalo emakamelweni kude nomndeni, ukugwema ukuthintana ngokomzimba, noma ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla. Ukuthola lezi zimpawu kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Kunoma yisiphi salezi zimo, uchwepheshe uzohlola icala ngokujulile, akhiphe isinqumo sokuthi inkinga ibangelwa ukugula noma ukulimala (ngokubambisana nodokotela wezilwane), futhi uzosinika uchungechunge lwemibuzo. iziqondiso ezisebenzayo okuzosisiza ukuthi sishintshe lokhu kuziphatha futhi sithuthukise inhlalakahle yekati kanye nomndeni wonke.
Njengamanje, ochwepheshe abaningi banikeza futhi ukubonisana ngokuziphatha ku-inthanethiLokhu kufaka phakathi izingcingo zevidiyo, imibiko ebhaliwe enemininingwane, uhlu lwezinsiza ezinconywayo, kanye nokulandelela amasonto amaningana. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngemindeni noma kuphi ukuthola usizo lochwepheshe ngaphandle kokuhamba, uma nje luhambisana nokuhlolwa kwezilwane okudingekayo lapho kusolwa inkinga yomzimba.
Ukubaluleka kokuvimbela kanye nendawo ezungezile inhlalakahle yekati
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-ethology yekati kubonisa lokho ukuvimbela izinkinga zokuziphatha Kuhlala kusebenza kahle futhi kunenhlonipho kunokuzama ukuzilungisa uma sezigxile kakhulu. Ukulungisa ikhaya kahle ngaphambi kokufika kwekati elisha, ukulifaka kahle kwezinye izilwane, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezanele nezibekwe kahle, nokuqonda izidingo zemizwa zekati kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okungqubuzana.
Izici eziyisisekelo ezifana ne- ibhokisi lesanti elifanele (usayizi, uhlobo lwesihlabathi, ukuhlanzeka, indawo ethule), ukudla okuhlukaniswe ukudla okuncane, amathoyizi avuselela ukuziphatha kokuzingela noma amathuba okukhuphuka nokubuka usuka phezulu, kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yokuphila kwekati.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlonipha indlela yokuxhumana yekatiAmakati amaningi angamakati athanda ukuxhumana nabantu kalula futhi akhetha ukuxhumana okufushane nokubikezelwayo. Ukuwaphoqa ukuthi aphathwe njalo, athathwe, noma ukuwabeka ezimweni ezinomsindo noma ezingalindelekile kwandisa amazinga awo okucindezeleka futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni zobudlova, zokumaka, noma zokususa.
Izifundo zokuziphatha kwamakati zibonisa nokuthi ingxenye enkulu yokushiywa kwamakati ihlobene nokuziphatha obekungavinjelwa noma kulungiswe ngesiqondiso esifanele. Ngakho-ke, i-ethology yamakati ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ukuhlala ndawonye kodwa futhi inegalelo ukunciphisa ukulahlwa nokuhlupheka yezilwane eziningi.
Ukuqonda i-ethology yamakati, ukuthi kufanele sithintane nini nochwepheshe, nokuthi singazivumelanisa kanjani nekhaya lethu nezidingo zamakati kusenza sijabulele ukuwabuka kakhulu, sihambe nawo ngenhlonipho, futhi sakhe ukuhlala ndawonye okuzinzile nawo ngokusekelwe olwazini nasekuzwelaneni.
Ingabe kube usizo kuwe? 