Cishe uke wezwa ngamarabi , isifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu futhi esiyingozi, ngeshwa, esingenalo ikhambi. Akuvamile kakhulu emakatini, kodwa njengoba nawo engase athole lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi siwathinta kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibalulekile ukuze uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugcina isilwane nomndeni waso wabantu uphephile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Yini amarabi?
Amarabi yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yigciwane esithinta zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, okuhlanganisa izinja, abantu, namakati. Sibi kakhulu, njengoba sithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi , sibangela i-encephalitis ebukhali, futhi sithelelana kakhulu: ukulunywa kanye kwesilwane esithelelekile kwanele ukudlulisa igciwane, njengoba likhona ematheni nakwezinye izinto ezikhipha uketshezi. Singadluliselwa futhi ngokuklwebheka okujulile uma amathe engcolisa inxeba futhi, kaningi, ngokuxhumana kwamathe nolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma amanxeba avulekile . Kuyi- zoonosis , okusho ukuthi ingadluliselwa kubantu isuka ezilwaneni.
Okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu ukuthi ayelapheki uma izimpawu zivela, cishe inezinga lokufa eliphelele , futhi ingadluliselwa kubantu . Emakatini, uhlobo lomtholampilo oluthukuthele luvame ngenxa yokusabela kwawo kwemvelo, yize uhlobo oluyisimungulu noma olukhubazekile lungenzeka.
Uma isilwane sesithelelekile , sizodlula ezigabeni eziningana, okuyilezi:
- Ukufakwa ngaphakathi: Yilapho igciwane lingena khona emzimbeni futhi liqala ukwanda. Lesi sigaba singathatha isonto elilodwa kuye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, lapho isilwane esigulayo singabonisi zimpawu. Ivamise ukuba mfishane uma ukulunywa eduze kobuchopho noma ezindaweni ezine-innervation ephezulu.
- Isikhathi se-Prodromal: Kulesi sigaba, izimpawu zokuqala ziyavela. Isiguli sizoqala ukuba ukuhlanza, ukukhathala y amahlaya ashintsha izinsuku ezi-2-10; angase akhothe inxeba ngokuqhubekayo futhi abe nomkhuhlane omncane.
- Isigaba esijabulisayo noma esithukuthele: isilwane sizocasuka kakhulu, nge hypersensitivity ekukhanyeni nomsindo, abafundi abanwetshiwe kanye nokusabela okuyihaba, kangangokuthi angase ahlasele.
- Isigaba sokukhubazeka: yisigaba sokugcina. Isilwane sizoba parálisis ukuqhubeka, ubunzima bokugwinya (nge-hypersalivation), ukubanjwa, ukoma futhi uzobulawa ukwehluleka ukuphefumula.
Izimpawu zamarabi emakati
- Ukumunca amathe ngokweqile
- Ukucasuka
- Ukuqhafaza
- Ukuquleka
- I-Hydrophobia (ukwesaba amanzi)
- Ukulahlekelwa kwe isifiso kanye nesisindo
- Umkhuhlane
- Ukukhubazeka komzimba
- Izinguquko zokuziphatha
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima bokugwinya , ukuhosha noma ukushintsha kwezwi, ukungasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi uhamba, ukuthuthumela, ukuqaqamba, kanye nabafundi abavulekile kungase kubonakale . Ikati elivame ukuba nobudlelwano lingase libe nolaka noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, lingabi nandaba ngendlela exakile futhi lizihlukanise. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa umonakalo igciwane eliwubangela ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
Sisakazeka kanjani futhi singadluliselwa kubantu?
Indlela evame kakhulu yokudlulisela lesi sifo ukulunywa yisilwane esinalesi sifo (inja, impungushe, i-raccoon, ilulwane), esifaka amathe aqukethe leli gciwane. Kungavela futhi ngokuklwebheka okujulile noma uma amathe ethintana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma amanxeba . Amakati angakwazi ukungena ngaphandle azingela noma axhumana nezilwane zasendle asengozini enkulu. Ikati eligulayo lingadlulisela amarabi kubantu nakwezinye izilwane ngokulunywa noma ngokungcolisa amanxeba. Kunoma yikuphi ukuchayeka, kunconywa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Indlela yokwenza uma kunezinsolo noma ukuchayeka
- Ungakhohlisi Ungalivumeli ikati ukuthi lihlangane nabantu noma ezinye izilwane. Ihlukanise ngokuphepha.
- Shayela udokotela wakho wezilwane nakuziphathimandla ezinekhono ukuze ziyalele izinyathelo ezilandelayo. Ngokusho kwemithethonqubo, bangabonisa ukubonwa okusemthethweni ekuvalelwe yedwa noma ezinyathelweni ezithile zokulawula.
- Uma umuntu elunyiwe/eklwetshiwe, geza isilonda ngokushesha ngensipho namanzi amaningi futhi ukhiphe amagciwane; Iya ku eziphuthumayo ukwazisa i-post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Kwezinye izilwane eziveziwe, udokotela wezilwane uzohlola ukuzihlukanisa, ukuqinisekiswa kokugoma, ukuqiniswa kanye nesikhathi sokubuka.
Isikhathi lapho ikati likhipha khona amagciwane ngamathe silinganiselwe, ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla zivame ukusungula ukuqashelwa okuqondisiwe kwezinsuku eziningana ukuqinisekisa ingozi nokuvimbela ukudluliselwa.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nezici zomthetho
Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kwenziwa ngemva kokufa kusetshenziswa izivivinyo ezicutshini zobuchopho (i-immunofluorescence, i-PCR, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-histological ngokusesha izidumbu ze-Negri). Ezilwaneni eziphilayo, ukuxilongwa kusekelwe emlandweni wokuchayeka , izimpawu zomtholampilo, kanye nokukhishwa kwezinye izifo zemizwa. Amarabi yisifo esingabikwa , ngakho-ke noma yiziphi izimo ezisolwayo kumele zibikwe kwiziphathimandla zezempilo.
Prevención
Ngeshwa, asikwazi ukukhuluma ngokwelashwa ngoba akukho . Okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa ukuvimbela , ngokunikeza umuthi wokugomela i-rabies eneminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala kanye nomkhiqizo wonyaka wokukhuthaza.
Ukuchaza kabanzi: uchungechunge lokugoma oluyinhloko luvame ukuqala emavikini ayi-12-16 ubudala , futhi ama-booster anikezwa ngokwezincomo zezilwane kanye nemithetho yendawo, futhi anganikezwa minyaka yonke noma njalo eminyakeni embalwa kuye ngokuthi umuthi ugonywe kanjani. Ukugoma kubalulekile uma ikati lihamba, lihlala ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, noma likwazi ukungena ngaphandle.
- Ingabe umuntu ogonyiwe angatheleleka? Ukuvikelwa kuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa akukho ingozi engu-zero; ukugcina ukuqiniswa kusesikhathini samanje nokugwema ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle kusewukhiye.
- Imiphumela emibi evamile futhi imnene: ukuvuvukala okuncane noma ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, umkhuhlane okwesikhashana, ukunganaki, ukungakuthandi ukudla okuncane, noma isigaxa esincane sendawo; uma lezi ziqhubeka, thintana nodokotela.
- Izindleko ezikhombisayo: Umuthi wokugoma uvamise ukuba nenani lentengo yonke 20-30 € ngokomtholampilo nezinkonzo ezihambisana nazo.
Unganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngokugcina izilwane ezifuywayo endlini noma ukuzivimbela ukuthi zingaphumi ngaphandle ebusuku, lapho amakati ematasa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gcina ikati lakho kude nezilwane ongazazi , ulihlole ngemva kokulwa, uvikele amafasitela namabalcony ukuze uvimbele amalulwane ukuthi angangeni, futhi uhlele ukuhlolwa njalo kwezilwane . Ikati eligonywe kahle futhi elinakekelwe kahle linciphisa ingozi emndenini walo wabantu nakwezinye izilwane.
Amarabi emakati awavamile, kodwa ubukhali bawo budinga ukuvimbela okuqinile , impendulo esheshayo kunoma yikuphi ukuchayeka, kanye nokuxhumana nodokotela bezilwane kanye neziphathimandla. Ngokugoma okusesikhathini kanye nokufinyelela okulawulwayo ngaphandle, amathuba okutheleleka aba mancane kakhulu.