Njengoba ikati lethu elithandekayo likhula, umzimba walo awusasebenzi kahle njengoba wawusebenza ngaphambili. Kancane kancane, sizobona izimpawu ezincane ezisenza sisole ukuthi ukuguga sekufikile, esinye sezimpawu ezikhathaza kakhulu ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki.
Nakuba kuvamile ukuthi imisipha yehle ngokuguga , i-hyperthyroidism emakatini ayinjalo . Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu se-endocrine okumele selashwe udokotela wezilwane, ngaphandle kwalokho imiphumela ingaba yingozi esilwaneni. Ngaphezu kokuthinta i-metabolism, kungalimaza inhliziyo, izinso, isibindi, isimiso sezinzwa, namehlo , ngakho-ke ukuqonda lesi sifo nokwenza ngokushesha kubalulekile.
I-feline hyperthyroidism iyisifo esiqhubekayo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ayibonakali ngoba izimpawu ziqala kancane kakhulu. Njengoba indlala ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid amaningi kunalokho umzimba okudingayo, "injini" yekati iyashesha, ibeke izitho eziningi zangaphakathi engozini. Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa olukhethwe kahle kuvumela amakati amaningi ukuba ajabulele impilo ende nenempilo.
Kuyini lokhu?
I-Hyperthyroidism yisifo se-endocrine esibangelwa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamahomoni e-thyroid yi- thyroid gland, etholakala entanyeni, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-trachea. Lawa mahomoni (ikakhulukazi i-T4 noma i-thyroxine kanye ne-T3 noma i-triiodothyronine ) anesibopho sokulawula izinqubo eziningi zomzimba, okuhlanganisa izinga lokugaya ukudla , izinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, umsebenzi wohlelo lokugaya ukudla, kanye nokulinganisela kwezinqubo eziningi zamaseli.
Uma la ma-hormone ekhiqizwa ngokweqile, amakati abhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu njengokwehla kwesisindo naphezu kokudla okwandisiwe kanye nesimo esijwayelekile "sokwethuka kwe-metabolic." Izicubu ze-thyroid eziguqulwe ngendlela engavamile ziba namandla ngokweqile futhi ziqala ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokusabela ngendlela efanele ezindleleni ezijwayelekile zomzimba zokulawula.
Emakati amaningi, lesi simo sibangelwa ukuba khona kwe- adenoma engeyinhle noma i-nodular hyperplasia ye-thyroid gland—okungukuthi, ukukhula okungavamile kodwa okungenawo umdlavuza kwezicubu ze-thyroid ezikhiqiza ama-hormone. Ezimweni ezincane, imbangela yi- malignant thyroid carcinoma , eyingozi kakhulu futhi edinga ukuphathwa okukhethekile. Eqinisweni, cishe u-2% wamacala ahlobene nezimila ezinobungozi, okwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezilwane kube yinto ebalulekile.
Ziyini izimbangela?
Kubangelwa ukukhula kwendlala yegilo , kodwa akunakwenzeka ukwazi kahle ukuthi kungani ikhula ngobukhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Ngaphandle kwephesenti elincane elibangelwa izimila ezinobungozi, ayikho imbangela eyodwa ecacile, futhi imbangela kucatshangwa ukuthi ibangelwa yizinto eziningi . Izici ezifana nokucindezeleka okungapheli nezinye izici zemvelo nezokudla akufanele zikhishwe eceleni .
Izifundo ze-Epidemiological ziphakamisa ukuthi ezinye izici ezihlotshaniswa namathuba aphezulu okuthuthukisa i-feline hyperthyroidism yilezi:
- Ubudala obuthuthukisiweIthinta kakhulu amakati aseminyakeni ephakathi nendawo kanye namadala, ikakhulukazi lawo asekhulile.
- Uhlobo lokudla: umehluko omkhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-iodine phakathi kokudla okumanzi nokomile, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezinhlobo ezithile zokudla okusemathinini, noma ukudla okune- ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa kwe-iodine kungakhuthaza ushintsho lwezicubu ze-thyroid.
- ERaza: kubonakala kakhulu ku amakati axubile noma anezinwele ezimfushane aseYurophu kunakwezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile, lapho ukubonakala kwazo kubonakala kuphansi.
- Izici zemveloUkuchayeka kokuthi amakhemikhali (imithi ethile yokulwa nezibungu, ipulasitiki, ukungcola kwasekhaya), ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile isihlabathi samakati futhi, ngezinga elincane, imisebe yemvelo.
Ezingeni lamahomoni, i-T4 kanye ne-T3 eningi kakhulu kukhiqiza umphumela omubi wempendulo ku-hypothalamic-pituitary axis, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-TSH (thyrotropin) kanye ne-TRH. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izicubu ze-thyroid ezinempilo ziphele, kuyilapho izicubu ezishintshiwe, ezisebenza ngokuzimela, ziqhubeka nokukhiqiza amahomoni ngokungalawuleki.
Yiziphi izimpawu?
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-hyperthyroidism emakatini ziwumphumela oqondile walokhu kusheshiswa kwe-metabolism kanye nomzamo owengeziwe odingekayo yizitho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo nezinso. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu zingaba zicashile kakhulu noma zingabi khona nhlobo, yingakho amakati amaningi etholakala ukuthi anesifo uma sesivele sithuthukile.
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekela phambili, okuvame ukuphawulwa, ngisho noma kugcinwa noma kwandiswa inani lokudla.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso (i-polyphagia), ngamakati ahlala ecela ukudla noma eba ukudla.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile (ezitsheni, empompini…) futhi kuveza ukwanda kokuchama (i-polydipsia kanye ne-polyuria).
- El Izinwele zilahlekelwa ukukhanya kanye nempiloenoboya obumahlikihliki, obunamabala noma obunezimbobo eziningi.
- Uya ebhokisini lesihlabathi kaningi ukuze achame, futhi isihlabathi singcola ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Izinguquko zokuziphatha: kungaba namandla amaningi, kube nokusebenza ngokweqile, kube nokuzola kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ebusuku) noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kube nokuzola kakhulu.
- Ukudana noma ukunganaki kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi abasezigabeni eziphambili.
- Ukucindezeleka kanye nokukhungatheka okuvamile, ukuzwela okukhulu komsindo noma izinguquko ekhaya.
- Kunzima ukuphefumulaukuhefuzela, ukungabekezeleli ukushisa, nokufuna izindawo ezipholile.
- Ukuqhafaza, ngezinye izikhathi okuvamile, okuhlobene nokushintsha kokuhamba kwamathumbu.
- uhudo noma indle ethambile ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamathumbu okwandayo.
- Ukucasuka noma ngisho nolaka olungalindelekile kwamanye amakati.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakemeokungadala umonakalo ku-retina (ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo), inhliziyo nezinso.
- I-Tachycardia kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyoInhliziyo iphoqeleka ukuthi isebenze ngokushesha nangokuzikhandla, kanti i-cardiomyopathy kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungavela uma kungalawulwa ngesikhathi.
- Ngephesenti elincane, ubuthakathaka kanye nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla esikhundleni sokudla okwandayo, ikakhulukazi kumakati amadala kakhulu noma lawo anezifo ezihlobene nawo.
Ezigabeni ezithuthukile kakhulu, uma i-hyperthyroidism ingelashwa, inkinga yangempela ye-thyroid ingenzeka , ene-tachycardia enkulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okukhulu, ukuwa, ngisho nokufa. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunganaki izinguquko ezibonakala "zihlobene nobudala" ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwezilwane.
Kutholakala kanjani?
Uma sisola ukuthi ikati lethu liyagula, kufanele siliyise kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma selifikile, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele ukuze kutholakale ukuthi linesifo, kodwa okokuqala udokotela wezilwane uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane futhi enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuphelele.
Izinsika zokuxilongwa zifaka:
- Ukuhlola ngokomzimba: ukuhlolwa kwesisindo somzimba, izinga lenhliziyo nokuphefumula, ikhwalithi yoboya, ukucaphuna intamo ukuze kutholakale indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe kanye nokulinganisa umfutho wegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: inani legazi, i-biochemistry yokuhlola umsebenzi wezinso kanye nesibindi, ama-electrolyte kanye nokuhlaziywa komchamo ukuthola izifo ezihambisanayo (ikakhulukazi isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona kanye nesifo sikashukela).
- Ukunqunywa kwama-hormone e-thyroidUkuhlolwa kokuqala okukhethwa kukho ngokuvamile ukukala T4 inani ku-serum. Amazinga aphezulu abonisa kakhulu i-hyperthyroidism. Ezimweni ezingabazisayo, kungase kusetshenziswe ezinye izivivinyo, njengokuthi I-T4 mahhala nge-equilibrium dialysis, i-T3, i-TSH noma amaphrofayili e-thyroid aphelele.
- ukuhlolwa kwezithombeAma-X-ray esifubeni kanye ne-echocardiography ukuhlola inhliziyo, i-ultrasound yesisu ukuze kutholakale ezinye izifo, futhi, ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-ultrasound ye-thyroid noma i-scintigraphy ukuthola ngokunembile izicubu ze-thyroid ezithintekile nokuhlola ubukhulu bazo.
Ukuxilonga kungaba nzima uma kukhona ezinye izifo , njengoba lokhu kungashintsha amazinga ama-hormone futhi kufihle i-hyperthyroidism. Ngakho-ke, indlela kumele ibe ephelele futhi ivumelane nekati ngalinye.
Ilashwa kanjani?
Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe, udokotela wezilwane uzokhetha amasu okwelapha ahlukene kuye ngempilo yekati. Njengamanje, kucatshangelwa amaqembu amane okwelapha ayinhloko: imithi yokulwa ne-thyroid , ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe , ukuhlinzwa , kanye nokuphathwa kokudla okuthile . Ukukhetha kuzoncika eminyakeni yekati, izifo ezihlobene nayo, izinsiza zezimali zomndeni, kanye nezintandokazi zabo.
- Mnike imithi elawula ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni wegilo.
- Susa indlala yegilo ngenqubo elula yokuhlinzwa.
- Noma yinikeze ukwelashwa nge umsakazo.
Okulandelayo kuchaza ukuthi lezi zinketho zisebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele esimweni ngasinye.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi yokulwa ne-thyroid
Lena yindlela yokuqala esetshenziswa kakhulu. Imithi efana ne -methimazole (thiamazole) noma i-carbimazole isebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-thyroid . Inganikezwa njengamaphilisi omlomo noma ngendlela yokwenziwa kwe-transdermal (ijeli efakwa endlebeni yangaphandle).
Le mithi ayilaphi lesi sifo , kodwa iyasilawula uma inikezwa njalo. Idinga ukubhekwa njalo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kulungiswe umthamo futhi kuqashwe imiphumela emibi engaba khona, njengokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, izinkinga zesibindi, noma izinkinga zegazi.
Ukwelashwa nge-iodine enomsebe (I-131)
Ukwelashwa nge-iodine ekhishwa ngemisebe kubhekwa njengokwelashwa okuthandwayo uma kutholakala, njengoba kunikeza ikhambi eliqinisekile kumakati amaningi. Kuhilela ukunikeza umthamo we -iodine ekhishwa ngemisebe eqongelela ngokukhetha ezicutshini ze-thyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile bese ziyibhubhisa ngaphandle kokulimaza kakhulu wonke umzimba.
Ngokuvamile, umjovo owodwa ongaphansi kwesikhumba noma ofakwa emthanjeni wanele. Ikati kumele lihlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho amazinga emisebe ephephile. Imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba mincane, futhi uma izicubu ezingavamile sezibhujisiwe, imithi yokuphila konke ayidingeki , yize amanye amakati angase abe ne-hypothyroidism futhi adinge ukwengezwa kwama-hormone.
Ukuhlinzwa (ukususwa kwe-thyroid)
Ukususwa kwe -thyroid gland ethintekile ngokuhlinzwa kungenye indlela engase yelapheke. Kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi emakatini angabekezeleli kahle imithi noma lapho ukwelashwa nge-iodine enemisebe kungatholakali. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuzinzisa ikati ngemithi yokulwa ne-thyroid nokuqapha noma yiziphi izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso ezingaba khona.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi: ukulimala kwezindlala ze-parathyroid (okungabangela izinkinga ze-calcium), ukubandakanyeka kwe- laryngeal nerve , ukuphinda kwalesi sifo uma izicubu ze-thyroid ezisebenzayo zisekhona, kanye nesidingo sokwelashwa okwengeziwe uma i-hypothyroidism ikhula.
Ukuphathwa kokudla kanye nokunakekelwa okuvamile
Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa ukudla okulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile okunokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-iodine , okunciphisa ikhono lendlala lokukhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid. Lolu khetho lungaba usizo uma imithi noma izindlela zokwelapha eziqondile zingafunwa noma zingatholakali, kodwa kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile : ikati akumele lidle okunye ukudla, ukudla okulula, noma izingcezu zetafula.
Ngaphezu kokudla okwelaphayo, kuyalulekwa ukunikeza ukudla okunamaprotheni asezingeni eliphezulu , ukulawula amazinga e-phosphorus nama-carbohydrate uma kunezinkinga zezinso noma ingozi yesifo sikashukela, nokuvumelanisa inani lokudla nezidingo zamandla zekati, ezingase zihluke njengoba isifo silawulwa.
Ezimweni zenkinga ye-thyroid noma i-hyperthyroidism engasebenzi kahle, udokotela wezilwane angasebenzisa nama-beta-blockers (njenge-propranolol noma i-atenolol) ukulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi, ngaphezu kokwelashwa ngoketshezi ukulungisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukushaqeka.
Uma ukwelashwa okukhethiwe sekuqinisekisiwe, amakati ane-hyperthyroidism adinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze kulungiswe imithi, kuqashwe isimo senhliziyo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kulawulwe ukusebenza kwezinso, njengoba lapho ama-hormone e-thyroid evame ukwenziwa, isifo sezinso sangaphambilini esasifihliwe singase sembulwe.
Ngokutholakala kwesifo kusenesikhathi, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezilwane, kanye nokwelashwa okufanele, amakati amaningi ane-hyperthyroidism angaqhubeka nokujabulela impilo ephelele nenhle , ehlanganyela iminyaka eminingi nemindeni yawo.
Ngethemba ukuthi kube usizo kuwe. 