Amakati, njengezinye izilwane eziningi okuhlanganisa nabantu (nakuba kubonakala sengathi silahlekelwa yileli khono ngokuphelela kolimi lokukhuluma), aqondiswa ngokwemvelo. pheromones ukuxhumana kangcono nontanga yabo.
Ngenxa yabo, bangakwazi, isibonelo, ukuthi kukhona yini umhlaseli endaweni yabo, uma ikati lishisa noma lishisa indlela esizizwa ngayo ngaleso sikhathi. Lolu limi lwamakhemikhali olungabonakali luthonya ukuziphatha kwabo kwansuku zonke, amazinga abo okucindezeleka, kanye nendlela abaxhumana ngayo namanye amakati, ezinye izilwane, kanye nathi. Kodwa, Ayini ama-pheromone ngempela?Ake sithole ukuthi  .
Bayini?
Ama-pheromones Ziyizinto zamakhemikhali ezikhiqizwa yizindlala ze-exocrine ngaleyo ndlela kusebenze ukusabela okuhlukahlukene emzimbeni. Nakuba singakwazi ukubona iphunga lazo, ikhala liyazibona. Ukusuka lapho zizothunyelwa hypothalamusokuyi-gland encane kakhulu yama-hormone etholakala enkabeni yobuchopho. Uma isifikile kuyo, ubuchopho busabela ngezinhlelo zezinzwa kanye ne-endocrine, buguqula impendulo engokomzwelo neyokuziphatha kwekati (isibonelo, ukuphumula, ukubaleka, ukuba nesithakazelo kumuntu ongaba umngane womshado, njll.).
Emakatini, lezi zinto zikhishwa izindawo ezahlukene zomzimba: izihlathi, ibunzi, isilevu, imilenze, indawo yesitho sangasese, amabele uma kwenzeka komama, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi umchamo kanye nendleUhlobo ngalunye lokukhishelwa luphethe umyalezo othize: ukuthula, isixwayiso, ukutholakala ngokocansi, ukuzwana komphakathi, noma ukuphawulwa kwendawo.
Ngokuvamile, ama-pheromone avumela ukuxhumana okungelona amazwi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokungafani nephunga "elivamile", umsebenzi walo awukona nje ukunuka okuhle noma okubi, kodwa ukuveza ulwazi oluphathekayo kwamanye amakati: obani abadlule, kudala kangakanani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangumngane noma imbangi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bacindezelekile noma bakhululekile, njll.
Bazithola kanjani?
Kutholwe ama-pheromone ikakhulukazi ngesitho sikaJacobson, ebizwa nangokuthi isitho se-vomeronasal, esitholakala ngaphezu nje kolwanga olungaphezulu, ngaphezu kwe-nasal septum futhi sixhunywe emlonyeni.
Wake walibona ikati lakho livula umlomo walo ngendlela exakile, lihoxisa izindebe zalo kancane bese libonakala sengathi liyabanda? Ngokuqinisekile uke walibona, ngoba yileyo ndlela elingakwazi ngayo... ukuthola ama-pheromone . Lesi senzo saziwa ngokuthi I-Flehmen reflex Futhi kuvamile lapho ikati "linambitha" iphunga elithakazelisayo kakhulu, njengomchamo welinye ikati, izindawo ezisanda kumakwa, noma ngisho nephunga lethu.
Ngaphezu kwesitho sikaJacobson, amakati aphinde abone izinhlobo ezithile zama-pheromone ngokusebenzisa i-mucosa enukayo ukusebenza okuvamile kwekhala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zombili izinhlelo kwenza ukuqonda kwazo kwamakhemikhali kucebe kakhulu kunokwethu futhi kuzivumela ukuthi zisebenzise lolu "limi oluyimfihlo" ngokunemba okukhulu.
Zenzelwe ini?
Ama-pheromones awusizo kakhulu emakati, njengesibonelo se-:
- yazi lapho ikati lishisa
- yazi ukuthi kukhona yini abaqashi ensimini yenu futhi wadlula isikhathi esingakanani lapho
- yehlisa umoya futhi uzizwe uphephile endaweni ojwayelene nayo
- thola ukucindezeleka kanye / noma ukungezwani kusuka kwamanye amakati noma endaweni ezungezile
- Jabula endaweni abayibona njengeyabo futhi ephephile
Ekukhulumisaneni kwekati, ama-pheromone enza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene:
- Imiyalezo yokuthula nenjabuloUma ikati lizizwa likhululekile endaweni elikuyo, lihlikihla ubuso balo efenisha, emakhoneni, ozimele beminyango, kubantu, noma kwezinye izilwane, ngaleyo ndlela lifaka ama-pheromone eliwahlobanisa nawo inhlalakahle nokuzola.
- Imiyalezo yokuzwana komphakathiPhakathi kwamakati azwana kahle, ukuhlikihlana (ikakhulukazi ekhanda nasentanyeni) kusiza ukugcina ubumbano lweqembuukunciphisa ukungezwani.
- Imiyalezo yendawoNgokuklwebha ezindaweni ezibonakalayo noma ngokuphawula ngomchamo, ikati libonisa ukuthi leyo ndawo Inomnikazi futhi ushiya ulwazi mayelana nobunikazi babo, ubulili, ubudala noma isimo sabo sokuzala.
Izinhlobo zama-pheromone ezilwane zemvelo
Ochwepheshe bathole amaqembu amaningana ama-pheromone ekati, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi izingxenyana FEzaziwa kakhulu futhi ezifundwe kakhulu yilezi:
- Ama-pheromone obuso F3Lokhu kukhishwa lapho ikati likhuhla izinto kanye nobuso. ukuphepha nokujwayelana ngensimu. Uma ikati lakho likhuhla kusofa, etafuleni, noma emilenzeni yakho, "lisayina" ukuthi liyingxenye yendawo yalo. indawo ephephile.
- Ama-pheromone omphakathi F4Zibekwa kwamanye amakati, izilwane, kanye nabantu. Zisebenza ukuqaphela amalungu eqembu. indawo ejwayelekile kanye nokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano obuhle.
- Ama-pheromone ocansi (njenge-F2 kwabesilisa): zihlobene ne usesho lozakwethuAmakati esifazane ashisa kakhulu akhipha ama-pheromone ukuze adonse abesilisa, futhi umchamo weduna nowesifazane uqukethe imiyalezo yamakhemikhali mayelana nesimo sawo sokuzala.
- Ama-pheromone e-alamu noma okucindezelekaZiyakhululwa ezimweni zokuthi ukwesaba okukhulu noma usongo. Baxwayisa amanye amakati ukuthi imvelo ingaba yingozi.
Lawa ma-pheromone awagcini nje ngokuphawula indawo; futhi athinta ngqo isimo semizwa ngamakati awabonayo, awasiza ukuba aphumule noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ahlale eqaphile.
Ayini ama-pheromone okwenziwa kwamakati?
Beqaphela ukubaluleka kwalolu limi lwamakhemikhali, izazi ze-ethology kanye nodokotela bezilwane baye bathuthukisa ama-analogue okwenziwa Le mikhiqizo ilingisa ama-pheromone emvelo ekati. Alingisa ngokunembile izimpawu ikati elingazishiya lapho lizizwa liphephile noma lapho lisebenzisana kahle namanye amakati.
Ama-pheromone okwenziwa kwamakati aklanywe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kusukela ku- ama-pheromone obuso F3 (inhlalakahle nendawo ephephile) kanye ne- F4 ama-pheromone ezenhlalo noma okududuza (Ukuvumelana phakathi kwamakati). Awanaphunga kithi. Akuyona imithiAzivezi umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu futhi, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, azinazo imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo emakatini anempilo.
La ma-pheromone okwenziwa angasetshenziswa njengokusekelwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- ukucindezeleka kwemvelo (umsindo, ukwakhiwa, ukuvakasha, amaphathi, iziqhumane)
- ukuthutha noma ukushintsha ikhaya (ukuvuselelwa, ifenisha entsha, ushintsho lwesakhiwo)
- ukumaka ngomchamo noma imihuzuko ezindaweni ezingafuneki
- ukuhlala ndawonye okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamakati amaningana endlini efanayo
- uhambo, ukuvakashela udokotela wezilwane noma ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala
Amafomethi e-pheromone e-feline ahlanganisiwe nokuthi asetshenziswa kanjani
Ama-pheromone ekati okwenziwa athengiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze avumelane kangcono nesidingo ngasinye. Avame kakhulu yile:
- Izisabalalisi zikagesiZixhuma epayipini likagesi futhi zikhipha ama-pheromone njalo ekamelweni. Ziwusizo kakhulu emakhaya lapho ikati lichitha khona isikhathi salo esiningi. izindlu ezinamakati amaningana noma ezimweni zokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo (isibonelo, ukunyakaza).
- AmahlumelaZivumela ukusetshenziswa okuqondiwe ezindaweni ezithile, njenge- othwala Ngaphambi kohambo noma ukuvakashela udokotela wezilwane, hlanza umbhede wekati noma izindawo lapho livame ukuklwebheka noma ukuklwebheka khona.
- Amakhola e-pheromoneBahlala bekhipha inani elilinganiselwe lama-pheromone entanyeni yekati, beliphelezela noma ngabe liya kuphi futhi linikeza umphumela wokuzola oqhubekayo.
Amanye amaphuzu awusizo okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Ama-diffuser kufanele abekwe endaweni evulekile. indawo evulekile, ngaphandle kwefenisha evimba ukuphuma komkhiqizo, futhi kude namafasitela noma ama-dreyini ahlakaza ama-pheromone ngokweqile.
- Uma indlu inkulu noma inezitezi eziningana, kungadingeka ukuthi isetshenziswe i-diffuser engaphezu kweyodwa ukumboza izindawo lapho ikati lichitha khona isikhathi esiningi.
- Uma kwenzeka ku-spray, kungcono ukufutha indawo yokuthwala, umbhede noma indawo ekhethiwe kaningana. Imizuzu engu-15-20 ngaphambili ukuze ikati liyisebenzise, ​​okuvumela ukuthi utshwala obuthwalayo buphele.
- Le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa ku- nxazonkehhayi ngqo ekatini (ungalifuthi emzimbeni walo).
Izinzuzo kanye nokuphepha kwama-pheromone kumakati
Ama-pheromone okwenziwa abhekwa njenge- usizo lwemvelo nolungangenisi uhlaselo ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle engokomzwelo yamakati. Izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zifaka:
- Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka ezimweni ezithile (uhambo, ukuvakasha, amaphathi, imisindo emikhulu) noma isikhathi eside.
- Ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafuneki okuhlobene nokucindezeleka, njengokuphawula umchamo, ukuklwebha ifenisha ngokweqile, noma ukuzilungisa ngokweqile.
- Ukuhlalisana okungcono phakathi kwamakati abahlala ndawonye ekhaya, okunciphisa ukuhlukunyezwa, ukungezwani, kanye nokulwa.
- Lungiselela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ekhaya elisha, ezinguqukweni zesimiso, noma ekufikeni kwesilwane esisha noma umntwana emndenini.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela kubakhiqizi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezokwelapha, ama-pheromone okwenziwa ayacatshangelwa kuphephile kumakati abo bonke ubudalakufaka phakathi amakati, kanye nezinja nabantu abahlala endlini eyodwa. Ukuqapha kuyalulekwa kuphela uma izinyoni ezincane (njengezimpukane noma ama-parakeet), anezinhlelo zokuphefumula ezibucayi kakhulu, ezigwema ukuchayeka kwazo ngqo ku-diffuser.
Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, nakuba ewusizo, ama-pheromone okwenziwa awathathi indawo yomuntu. ukuhlolwa kwezilwane uma kunezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo noma zokuziphatha; ziyingxenye ye uhlelo oluphelele okufanele kufake phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo ezungezile, ukucebisa indawo ezungezile, kanye neseluleko esivela kuchwepheshe wokuziphatha kwekati uma kudingeka.
Ukuzwela kwamakati
Amakati ayizilwane ezizwela kakhulu, hhayi nje ngenxa yemvelo yawo kodwa futhi ngenxa yalokho umuzwa wokuhogela othuthuke kakhulu Banekhono elikhethekile elibavumela ukuthi basebenzise kangcono ama-pheromone. Babona izinguquko ezincane endaweni esizungezile esingaziboni, futhi lokhu kungabangela ukuthi bacindezeleke kalula. imisindo engalindelekile, abantu abangaziwa, ukulungiswa kwekhaya noma ukuba khona kwezinye izilwane.
Kodwa ngenxa yaleso sizathu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi banikezwe ikhaya elihlelapho bengaba nokuzola futhi baphile impilo enhle. Indawo ezinzile, ephephile, necebile, enezindawo zokucasha, izinsika zokuklwebha, izindawo eziphakeme, kanye nemikhuba ebikezelwayo, kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokusebenzisa ukumaka i-alamu futhi kukhuthaza ukugqama kwama-pheromone azizwa kahle.
Lokhu kuzobavimbela ekutholeni izinkinga zempilo (ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo). Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungenza umzimba ube buthaka. amasosha omzimba Emakatini, ama-pheromone angabangela izinkinga zomchamo, zokugaya ukudla, kanye nezesikhumba, futhi abangele ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwama-pheromone (emvelo kanye neyokwenziwa), kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwemvelo, kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yawo. ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Sithemba ukuthi uthole lesi sihloko sithakazelisa  . Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngendlela abaxhumana ngayo futhi bamaka ngayo indawo yabo, chofoza laphaUkuqonda indima yama-pheromone ekati, kokubili emvelo kanye neyokwenziwa, kuzokusiza ukuthi qonda kangcono ikati lakho futhi ikunikeze indawo ephephile nezolile ehambisana kakhulu nemvelo yakho.