La UMthetho Wenhlalakahle Yezilwane kanye noMthetho 7/2023 ngokuvikelwa kwamalungelo kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane Baye basungula uchungechunge lwemithetho ecacile yokuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zingagcinwa kuphi futhi kanjani. Phakathi kwazo, ephawuleka kakhulu yileyo ethinta ngqo ama-terrace, ama-balcony, ophahleni, ama-patio, kanye nezimoto, enezinhlawulo ezingafinyelela ku-€50.000 ngokwephula imithetho eshicilelwe ku-Official State Gazette (BOE).
UMthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane waphasiswa ngo- ICongress of Deputies ngoMashi 2023 Ngenhloso yokusungula uhlaka olufanayo kulo lonke elaseSpain lokuqinisa ukuvikelwa kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane ezihambisanayo kanye nezilwane zasendle ezithunjiwe, lo mthetho uhlose, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukulwa nezinga eliphezulu lokushiywa kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nokukhuthaza ubunikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo obunomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu.
Umbhalo wezomthetho, oshicilelwe ku- Incwadi yezindaba ezisemthethweni zoMbusoKucacisa ukuthi inhloso "ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezilwane ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezihlala endaweni yabantu," kanye "nokulawula ukuqashelwa nokuvikelwa kwesithunzi sezilwane ngumphakathi." Ngaphakathi kwalesi simo kukhona imithetho ethinta ukusetshenziswa kwama-terrace nama-balcony njengezindawo lapho abantu bechitha khona isikhathi njalo.
Imithethonqubo icacisa ukuthi Akuvunyelwe ukushiya izinja noma amakati ezifuywayo emathalazini, kumabalconi, ophahleni, emakamelweni okugcina izinto, ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, emaphatiyoni nasezindaweni ezifanayo noma ezimotweni ngendlela evamile noma ehlala njalo. Ngamanye amazwi, inhloso akuyona ukuvimbela isilwane ukuba singaphumi ngaphandle isikhashana ukuze sithole umoya omusha, kodwa ukuvimbela leyo ndawo ukuba ibe yindawo yaso yokuhlala eyinhloko.
Umthetho uhlose ukuvimbela izilwane ukuthi zingabi khona kuvezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulungaphandle kokuxhumana okwanele komphakathi noma ezindaweni ezingaphephile nezicindezelayoIbhalkhoni elingenamthunzi ehlobo, uphahla olungenasiphephelo ebusika, noma i-patio lapho isilwane sichitha khona amahora amaningi singaqashiwe kuyizibonelo zezimo umthetho ohlose ukuziqeda.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuba nenja noma ikati "lizinzile" ethala noma ebalcony, lichitha isikhathi salo esiningi lapho, kungahunyushwa njengokuphulwa komthethoNgisho noma isilwane sinokudla namanzi, ngeke sichume uma singenazo izimo ezanele zempilo yomzimba nengokomzwelo.
Yini ngempela evinjelwa uMthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane?
Umnyombo walolu daba useku- Isigaba 27 soMthetho Wezenhlalakahle YezilwaneKushicilelwe ku-Official State Gazette (BOE) ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Izivimbelo Eziqondile Ngokuphathelene Nezilwane Ezihambisana Nazo," lesi sihloko sibala uchungechunge lwezindlela zokuziphatha ezingavunyelwe ngokuphelele kubanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo.
Phakathi kwalezo zenzo, umbhalo awuguquki: "Kuvinjelwe ngokusobala ukugcina izinja namakati njalo ema-terrace, kuma-balcony, ophahleni, emakamelweni okugcina izinto, ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ema-patio nasezindaweni noma ezimotweni ezifanayo"Lokhu akusona nje iseluleko noma isincomo, kodwa kungukuvinjelwa okunemiphumela ebalulekile kwezomnotho.
Umthetho ucacisa ukuthi okubalulekile yi- ukujwayela noma ukuhlala njaloInja enyathela isikhashana ebalcony noma ikati elihlola ithala elingaphansi kokuqashwa akuyona into ephula umthetho ngokwalo. Inkinga ivela lapho leso sikhala siba lapho isilwane sichitha khona isikhathi saso esiningi, ngaphandle kokufinyelela mahhala ngaphakathi kwendlu noma ngaphandle kokuqashwa okwanele.
Inhloso yalo mthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zihlala endaweni izimo zenduduzo, ukuphepha kanye nokuxhumana nabantu ngokwezidingo zaboIsishayamthetho siyaqonda ukuthi i-balcony, igumbi lokugcina impahla noma ingaphakathi lemoto, njengomthetho ojwayelekile, akukwazi ukubhekwa njengezindawo ezifanele zokuhlala inja noma ikati njalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuvinjelwa okuqondile, i-Athikili 27 ihlobene nezinye izibopho, njenge- Ungashiyi isilwane singaqashiwe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu zilandelana.Uma kukhulunywa ngezinja, umkhawulo unzima nakakhulu: azikwazi ukuhlala zingaqashiwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-24 ngesikhathi.
Amacala amancane, angathi sína futhi angathi sína kakhulu: indlela ahlukaniswa ngayo
UMthetho 7/2023 kanye noMthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane kusungula isakhiwo sezijeziso esinezigaba ezintathu: amacala amancane, angathi sína futhi angathi sína kakhuluNgayinye inezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlawulo kuye ngomonakalo odalwe kanye nezinga lokungalandeli imithetho.
I-Las ukwephulwa okuncaneNgokusho kwe-Athikili 73, lezi yizenzo noma ukungenzi lutho okwakha ukwephulwa kwemithetho noma izibopho, kodwa ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwesilwane. Lezi zenzo zobugebengu zingaholela ezijezisweni ezisukela esixwayisweni esilula kuya inhlawulo ephakathi kuka-500 no-10.000 wama-euro.
I-Las ukwephulwa okukhuluAmacala alawulwa ku-Article 74 asho ukuthi “ukulimala noma ukuhlupheka kuye kwabangelwa isilwane, uma nje kungabangela ukufa noma imiphumela emibi kakhulu.” Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhola kagesi noma ama-shock, ukuntuleka kokuhlonza isilwane, noma, ngokunembile, ukugcina izinja namakati unomphela ema-terrace, kuma-balcony, ema-patio noma okufanayo.
Ekugcineni, i amacala angathi sína kakhuluIzinyathelo ezichazwe ku-Article 75 zigcinelwe amacala onya olukhulu noma ingozi, njengokuthi ukuqeqeshwa kokulwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ukuze zidliwe ngabantu, noma ukubangela ukufa kwesilwane uma kungabi yicala. Kulezi zimo, izinhlawulo zemali ziphakeme kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokuziphatha okuqondile kokuba nenja noma ikati elihlala njalo ebalcony noma ophahleni kuwela, ngokomthetho, ngaphakathi kwesigaba samacala amakhulu, okubeka ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlawulo ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izenzo zobugebengu ezibhekwa njengezincane.
Izinhlawulo zokushiya izinja namakati ema-terrace, kuma-balcony noma ophahleni
Umthetho ngokwawo uchaza izinhlawulo zezimali ezihambisana nohlobo ngalunye lokwephulwa komthetho. Uma kwenzeka ukugcina izinja noma amakati unomphela emathalazini, emabalconi, ophahleni, emakamelweni okugcina izinto, ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba, emaphati noma ezimotweniLokhu kuziphatha kubhekwa njengecala elibi kakhulu.
Ngokusho kwe-Article 76 kanye nohlelo lwezinhlawulo, Amacala amakhulu ajeziswa ngezinhlawulo eziphakathi kwama-euro angu-10.001 no-50.000Ububanzi obuthile ngaphakathi kwalolo bubanzi buzoncika ezimweni ezahlukene, njengobude besikhathi sesimo, inani lezilwane ezithintekile, izinga lokuhlupheka, ukuphindela ekwahlulelweni, noma ukuthi umyalelo weziphathimandla awuzange unakekelwe.
Okunye ukuhlaziywa komthethonqubo kuphinde kuveze ukuthi, ezimweni ezibanzi, ukwephulwa kwemithetho kungabandakanya amanani asukela ku- Ama-euro angu-500 kanye no-10.000 ngamacala amancane, kusukela kuma-euro angu-10.001 kuya ku-50.000 ngamacala amakhulu, kanye kusukela kuma-euro angu-50.001 kuya ku-200.000 ngamacala amakhulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, isijeziso salabo abagcina izilwane zabo ezifuywayo “zizinzile” ema-terrace noma kuma-balcony sisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo lobunzima.
Umthetho ngokwawo uthi, lapho kunqunywa isijeziso, izinto ezilandelayo kumele zicatshangelwe. imingcele efana nokuzimisela, ukuphindaphinda, izinga lokuhlupheka okubangelwe noma ingozi edalwe impilo yesilwaneIsibonelo esisodwa sokunganakwa asifani nesimo esithatha isikhathi eside lapho isilwane singenakho ukufinyelela okwanele kwendawo yokukhosela.
Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikazi wendlu angabhekana nezinhlawulo ezinkulu kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezingafinyelela kulezo zindleko. I-50.000 euro, uma kutholakala ukuthi inja noma ikati ligcinwe njalo ethala noma ebalcony ngaphandle kwemibandela yenhlalakahle edingekayo.
Ingabe umakhelwane angabika inja uma eyibona njalo ebalcony?
Umthetho awugcini nje ngokumisa imikhawulo kanye nezijeziso, kodwa futhi uvula umnyango wokungenelela komuntu wesithathu lapho bebona izimo zokuphathwa kabi noma ukunganakwa okungenzeka. Noma yimuphi umakhelwane noma isakhamuzi esibona inja noma ikati lihlala ngokuphindaphindiwe ebalcony noma ethalazini isikhathi eside angenza okuthile.
Kulezi zimo, umuntu obona lezi zenzakalo unezinketho eziningana: yazisa amaphoyisa endawo, xhumana nezinsizakalo zokuvikela izilwane zikamasipala noma faka isikhalazo esisemthethweni uma ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukwephulwa kwemithethonqubo yenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Uma umbiko usuwenziwe, umthwalo wemfanelo udluliselwa eziphathimandleni ezifanele. Kuzoba semaphoyiseni, ezinsizeni zokuhlola, noma kochwepheshe bakamasipala ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo. hlola ukuthi isimo siyahambisana yini nezinhlinzeko ze-Article 27 futhi, lapho kufaneleka khona, baqale inqubo yokujezisa noma bathathe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokuvikela isilwane.
Le ndlela yenza izakhamuzi zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuthola amacala e- ukunganakwa okuyimfihlo noma izimo zokuphila ezinganeleInja echitha amahora amaningi ngaphandle ebalcony engenandawo yokukhosela, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabanikazi bayo, ingakhala i-alamu bese igcina isihlolwe ngokusemthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukubona nje isilwane ebalcony akusho ukuthi kuyicala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuba khona kuhlala njalo, kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, futhi kuhambisana... ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okubonakalayo, izimpawu zokucindezeleka, noma izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu, ukungenelela kweziphathimandla kungase kube okungaphezu kokufanele.
Izibopho ezengeziwe zabanikazi: ukuqapha, ukuhlonza, kanye nendawo ephephile
Ukuvinjelwa kokugcina izinja namakati njalo ema-terrace nasema-balcony kuhambisana nohlaka olubanzi lwe- izibopho zabanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayoUmthetho ugcizelela ukuthi ukuba nesilwane esifuywayo akuyona nje into eyenzeka ngenkani, kodwa kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ohilela imisebenzi ethile.
Elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile yi- ukuqapha okuncane okumele kuqinisekisweNgaphezu kwalokho osekushiwo kakade mayelana nezinsuku ezintathu eziphezulu ngaphandle kokuqashwa (amahora angu-24 ezinjeni), lo mthetho uphinde ujezise ukuziphatha okufana nokugcina izilwane ziboshiwe noma ukuzulazula ezindaweni zomphakathi ngaphandle kokuqashwa ngokoqobo komuntu ophethe.
Umthetho uphinde ugcizelele ukubaluleka ukuhlonza nokubhalisa i-microchip kuma-database asemthethweni. ESpain, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezilwane ezifuywayo okungenani eziyizigidi eziyishumi nantathu ezitholiwe, nokuthi umndeni owodwa kwemithathu unesilwane esisodwa okungenani. Kodwa-ke, idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye kuphela yezilwane ezifika ezindaweni zokukhosela ezifakwe ama-microchip, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumakati.
Ezinye izici ezimbozwe yilezi zindinganiso yilezi: ukuvinjelwa kwamakhola kagesi noma ama-shock kanye nokwenqaba kwabo ukusebenzisa izilwane njengemiklomelo kuma-raffle noma njengamacebo nje okuhweba. Konke lokhu kuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ziphathwa ngenhlonipho futhi zinikezwa izimo zokuphila ezanele.
Emiphakathini efana neGalicia, lapho I-Galician Registry of Identification of Companion Animals (Regiac) manje idlula izilwane ezifuywayo ezingu-800.000Lezi zibopho ziphawule ushintsho olukhulu. Ukuthobela umthetho kuyaqiniswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinja, amakati, nezinye izilwane zasekhaya azifakwa ebalcony, ophahleni, noma egumbini lokugcina izinto njengesixazululo esilula sokuntuleka kwesikhala noma isikhathi kwabanikazi bazo.
Lonke loluhlaka lwezomthetho luthumela umyalezo ocacile: Amathala, amabhalkhoni nama-patio akukwazi ukuba "igumbi lokugcina" lesilwane esifuywayoIzilwane kufanele zihlale endaweni ephephile, enokufinyelela ngaphakathi kwekhaya, ukuxhumana nabantu, indawo yokukhosela emakhazeni nasekushiseni, kanye nokuqapha okwanele ukuvimbela izimo zokuhlupheka buthule.
Njengoba uMthetho Wezenhlalakahle Yezilwane usebenza ngokugcwele, lokho okwase kuyiminyaka kubhekwa njengesiko elibekezelelwa kancane—ukugcina inja ihlezi ebalkoni noma ikati lihlala cishe ethala— Sekuyisenzo esijeziswayo ngezinhlawulo ezingafinyelela kuma-euro angu-50.000Ukwazi okuqukethwe yi-athikili 27, ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukugcina izinja namakati "njalo" kulezi zindawo, nokwamukela ukuthi inhlalakahle yazo ihilela okungaphezu kokudla namanzi nje kubalulekile namuhla ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zomthetho, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuqinisekiswe impilo ehloniphekile yezilwane ezihambisana nazo.