Amakati afuywayo ahlala nabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, nokho anenani elimangalisayo lezici nezihlobo zawo zasendle. Nakuba imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke ingase ibonakale ikude nempilo yasendle, yabo isimilo, imvelo y biology zibonisa imvelaphi yabo yezilwane. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale kuhluke kakhulu, amakati afuywayo nawasendle ahlanganyela okwengeziwe ukufana kunalokho ebesingakucabanga.
Umsuka wamakati afuywayo nawasendle
Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole ukufana kwawo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi amakati afuywayo avela kanjani. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukufuywa kwamakati kwaqala cishe Iminyaka eyi-10.000 ku-Fertile Crescent, lapho abantu beqala ukuhlala futhi begcina okusanhlamvu. Lolu hlobo lwesitoreji lwakhanga amagundane, futhi amakati asendle aqala ukuzingela kulezi zindawo, ngaleyo ndlela esungula ubuhlobo obuzuzisayo nabantu. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, ikati alizange lifuywe ngumuntu, kodwa wazifuya yena, ukujwayela ukuhlala nabantu.
Eminyakeni eyinkulungwane, amakati afuywayo (i-Felis catus) avela ku- Ikati lasendle lase-Afrika (Felis lybica). Ngokofuzo, amakati afuywayo nawasendle ahlala efana ngokuphawulekayo. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo luye lwembula lokho kuze kube U-95.6% we-DNA yekati elifuywayo uyafana nowengwe, okubonisa uguquko oluncane lwezakhi zofuzo lolu hlobo oluye lwabhekana nalo uma kuqhathaniswa namadlozi alo asendle.
Ukufana phakathi kwamakati afuywayo nawasendle
Naphezu kweminyaka yokufuywa, amakati asalokhu egcina izici eziningi ezizuzwe ngokhokho bawo basendle. Ngezansi izici eziphawuleka kakhulu ababelana ngazo.
1. Umzwelo wemvelo wokuzingela
Zonke izinyoni, ezifuywayo nezasendle, zinjalo izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokwemvelo. Ukwakheka kwemizimba yabo, ukushesha nokuziphatha kwabo kubonisa ifa labo lasendle. Nakuba amakati afuywayo engadingi ukuzingela ukuze aphile, asabonisa umuzwa onamandla wokuzingela awubonakalisa ngokudlala ngawo. Amajuji, ukujaha ithunzi ngisho nokubamba izinambuzane ezincane noma amagundane.
Emakati asendle, ukuzingela kuyindaba yokusinda. Bathembela emakhono abo okucupha, ukujaha nokubamba inyamazane, okudinga ukunemba okukhulu nokuxhumana. Amakati asekhaya akhiqiza lezi amaphethini wokuzingela emidlalweni, becathamela futhi beqamekela “izisulu” zabo ezicatshangelwayo. Bangase babuye nezilwane ezifile ekhaya njengophawu lomzwelo wabo wemvelo wokuzingela.
2. Ziyizilwane ezidla inyama eziyisibopho
Amakati, afuywayo nawasendle, anjalo bophezela izilwane ezidla inyama, okusho ukuthi ukudla kwakho kufanele kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko amaprotheni ezilwane. Uhlelo lwabo lokugaya alwakhelwanga ukucubungula imifino noma ama-carbohydrate amaningi, ngakho-ke badinga ukudla okunothe ngenyama ukuze bathole zonke izakhamzimba ezibalulekile, njenge-taurine, i-arginine ne-vitamin A, izakhi abangakwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokwazo.
3. Ukuziphatha kwendawo
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu kuzo zonke izinyoni yizo indawo. Amakati afuywayo aphawula indawo yawo ngama-pheromones, esebenzisa izindlala ezisebusweni nasezidlalweni zawo. Bangase futhi bagcobe ifenisha noma abantu njengendlela yokuthola ubunikazi. Ngokufanayo, amakati asendle aphawula izizinda zawo ngokusebenzisa imihuzuko ezihlahleni, umchamo namapheromone.
Amakati asekhaya angakhetha kakhulu mayelana nezikhala abelana ngazo nezinye izilwane. Uma sethula ikati elisha ekhaya lethu, lokhu kuziphatha kuba sobala, okungaholela ezingxabanweni uma isingeniso singenziwa ngendlela efanele.
4. Ukuxhumana nomzimba
Amakati anezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumana, eziningi zazo abelana ngazo nezilwane zasendle. Ulimi lwakhe lomzimba luhlanganisa izimo zokusongela, ukunyakaza komsila, ukuphakamisa umhlane kanye nokuthintana kwamehlo isikhathi eside. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwekati elifuywayo nelasendle usekukhulumeni kwezwi. Nakuba amakati afuywayo athuthukile inani elikhulu meows Ukuze axhumane nabantu, amakati asendle avame ukuthula ukuze agweme ukuheha izilwane ezizingelayo noma inyamazane.
5. Imikhuba yokulala
Amakati asekhaya nawasendle alandela iphethini yokulala efanayo, alala ngokwesilinganiso phakathi 12 no 16 amahora ngosuku. Ziyizilwane eziphila nge-crepuscular, okusho ukuthi zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Endle, lokhu kuzivumela ukuba zisebenzise izikhathi zosuku lapho inyamazane yazo isebenza kakhulu.
6. Izinzwa ezingavamile
Zombili izinhlobo zamakati zinezinzwa ezithuthuke kakhulu:
- Umbono wasebusuku: Ngenxa yolwelwesi olukhanyayo emehlweni abo olubizwa ngokuthi i-tapetum lucidum, bangabona ebumnyameni ngokucacile okukhulu.
- Ukuzwa okubuhlungu: Izindlebe zabo zingazungeza kuze kufike ku-180 degrees ngokuzimela ukuze zithole imisindo ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.
- Inzwa yokuhogela: Banomuzwa wokuhogela othuthuke kakhulu kunabantu futhi bayakwazi ukubona ama-pheromones emoyeni.
Amakati asendle asengozini yokushabalala
Nakuba amakati afuywayo echuma emakhaya emhlabeni wonke, izinhlobo eziningi zamakati asendle zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukuzingela kanye nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni. Izinhlobo ezifana ne I-lynx yase-Iberia futhi ingwe ihlale isengozini, iqokomisa ukubaluleka kwemizamo yokulondoloza ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo zezilwane eziyinqaba.
Amakati asekhaya nawo angaba usongo ezilwaneni zasendle uma evunyelwa ukuba azule ngokukhululeka. Amakati afuywayo kanye ne-feral kulinganiselwa ukuthi anomthelela ekwehleni kwezinyoni nezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.
Nakuba amakati abelane ngokuphila kwawo nabantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, ingqikithi yawo yasendle isekhona kulelo nalelo lawo. ukunyakaza, imikhuba y izimilo. Lokhu kuxhumana nokhokho babo kubanika umoya wemfihlakalo nobuhle obubenza bahluke. Ngokuqonda kangcono ukufana kwawo namakati asendle, singanikeza abangani bethu bezilwane ukuphila okucebisa kakhulu futhi sihloniphe imvelo yabo engokwemvelo.
