I-parasite Toxoplasma gondii Amakati athole ukunakwa muva nje ngenxa yemiphumela emisha mayelana nemiphumela yawo kanye nezindlela zokudlulisela. Amakati, aziwa ngokuthi abanikazi abayinhloko baleli gciwane, adlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wawo wokuphila nokudluliswa kwawo, athinta kokubili izilwane nabantu. Kulesi sihloko, sihlaziya ucwaningo lwakamuva nezincomo ukuze sigweme izingozi ezihlobene, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini kakhulu.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthi I-Toxoplasma gondii ingafinyelela abantu namakati afuywayo.Ukudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle, imifino ehlanzwe ngendlela engafanele, kanye nokuthinta indle yekati enamagciwane kuphakathi kwemizila eyinhloko yokutheleleka, okwenza kube nezixwayiso ezintsha ezivela kochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi.
Umthelela we-parasite ebuchosheni: izinguquko kanye nezingozi zempilo
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-Toxoplasma gondii iyakwazi ukuguqula ukusebenza kobuchopho. kokubili ezilwaneni nakubantu. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ephephabhukwini lesayensi elihlonishwayo luveze ukuthi i-parasite kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-extracellular vesicles kuma-neurons, izakhi ezibalulekile zokuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungaphazamisa ibhalansi ye-neurochemical futhi kuholele ezinkingeni zemizwa.
Isazi samasosha omzimba u-Emma Wilson siveza lokho Ngisho nenani elincane lama-neurons angenwe yileli gciwane lingadala ukuphazamiseka ekuxhumaneni kobuchopho.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-parasite iguqula umsebenzi wamangqamuzana asekela i-neuronal, okuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezibonakaliso zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nekhono elincishisiwe lokuqeda i-glutamate ngokweqile, i-neurotransmitter exhunywe ekuqaleni kokuthunjwa.
Inkinga ibhebhetheka kubantu abanokuzivikela okuphansi, kusukela isimiso sezinzwa singase sibe sengozini kakhulu esenzweni sale microorganism. Nokho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu emhlabeni iye yachayeka ezinambuzaneni, nakuba ezimweni eziningi ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala.
Ingozi yokutheleleka: ukudla, inhlanzeko kanye nendima yamakati
Un ucwaningo olukhulu olwenziwe eYurophu iye yagqamisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-Toxoplasma gondii ngokudla ngokuvamile okubhekwa njengokuphephile. imifino egayiwe futhi esekulungele ukudliwa, njengamasaladi anezikhwama, ingase futhi ingcole. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi isikhwama esisodwa kwezingu-25 ezihlaziywe siqukethe i-parasite, yingakho kubalulekile geza njalo lokhu kudla, ngisho nalapho iphakethe libonisa ukuthi selilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Akwanele ukugijima imifino ngaphansi kompompi; ngokusho kongoti, i-parasite imelana namanzi, uviniga nolamulaIsincomo esisebenza kahle kakhulu ukubulala amagciwane nge i-bleach ephephile ekudleni ngokulandela imiyalelo yokuphepha (isipuni esisodwa ngelitha lamanzi noma amaconsi amahlanu uma sigxilile).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amakati angakwazi ukukhipha amaqanda e-parasite emanzini awo., ikakhulukazi uma ezingela noma edla inyama eluhlaza. Ukuphatha amabhokisi kadoti kanye nokuhlanza amathreyi kadoti kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha, ukugqoka amagilavu nokugeza izandla kahle ngemva kwalokho. Konke lokhu ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukucwasa, okuyingxenye yempilo yemindeni eminingi ngaphandle kokubeka ingozi uma kulandelwa imikhuba yenhlanzeko eyisisekelo.
Okutholakele okusha: ukungazali kwabesilisa kanye nokubandakanyeka kwesitho sokuzala
Ngaphandle kwe imiphumela yezinzwa, ucwaningo lwakamuva manje lukhomba ubudlelwano bayo nezinkinga zokuzala kwabesilisaOsosayensi basemazweni amaningana baye baqinisekisa ukuthi, endaweni yokucwaninga, ukuthintana phakathi kwe-Toxoplasma gondii nesidoda somuntu kungabangela amangqamuzana okuzala ukuba alimale kabi esakhiweni, njengokulahlekelwa amakhanda—okungukuthi, ingxenye lapho ufuzo kanye nemishini edingekayo yokuvundisa iqanda kugxile khona.
Ezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri, Ngaphezu kwama-22% wesidoda esichayeke ku-parasite anqunywa ikhanda kungakapheli imizuzuNakuba le miphumela iye yabonwa ku-vitro kanye nasezifundweni zamagundane, ivula umnyango wocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo ngomthelela wabo wangempela kubantu, ikakhulukazi emadodeni avimbelwe amasosha omzimba noma lawo anezinkinga zokuzala ezivele zikhona.
Okwamanje, umphakathi wezokwelapha uncoma ukuqapha nokucwaninga okuqhubekayo, kodwa akusho ukuthi amacala afanayo angase avele emadodeni anempiloOkutholakele kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunakekela ngokwedlulele inhlanzeko ekulungiseni ukudla kanye nokuxhumana nezilwane.
Ukuvimbela kanye nemihlahlandlela yokunciphisa ubungozi
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokugwema ukutheleleka nge I-Toxoplasma gondii kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula zokuvimbela. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Pheka kahle inyama futhi ugweme ukudla imikhiqizo yezilwane engaphekiwe.
- Geza izithelo nemifino kahle, ngisho nalezo ezikhangiswa “njengezilungele ukudliwa.”
- Sebenzisa imikhiqizo yokubulala amagciwane ilungele ukuqeda ama-parasite ezindaweni nasezitshalweni.
- Sebenzisa amagilavu nesifihla-buso lapho uhlanza ama-sandbox noma uphatha inhlabathi engadini engase ingcoliswe.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokuthinta izinto ezingase zibe negciwane.
Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abakhubazekile, lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba i-parasite ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ku-fetus noma ikhulise izimo ezivele zikhona.
Nakuba abantu abaningi bedalulwa i-parasite ayinazo izimpawu noma babe nezimpawu ezithambile ezinjengomkhuhlane kuphela, amaqembu azwela kakhulu kufanele abonane nochwepheshe wezempilo ukuze alandele iziqondiso ezifanele kakhulu futhi, uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, bathole ukwelashwa okufanele.
Ubukhona be i-parasite emakati kanye nekhono labo lokunganakwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kugcizelela ukubaluleka kolwazi nokuvimbela. Ukulandela imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko nokulalela izincomo zesayensi kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ukuhlala nalezi zilwane kuyilapho unciphisa izingozi empilweni yabantu neyezilwane.