Impikiswano ngezindlu eSpain inohlangothi oluvame ukunganakwa: ubunzima abantu abahlala nezinja, amakati, noma ezinye izilwane ababhekana nabo ekutholeni amafulethi okuqasha. Phakathi kwezingxoxo zomthetho omusha wezindlu, i-FAADA ne-PACMA bafune ukuthi izinyathelo zingagcini entengo noma ekuhlinzekweni, kodwa futhi zibhekane nokuvinjelwa okuvamile kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezinkontilekeni. Kulezi zinhlangano, ukuba nesilwane akufanele kunciphise amathuba omuntu okuthola ikhaya noma kube yimbangela ezenzakalelayo yokukhishwa inyumbazane.
Umbhalo olungiswa nguhulumeni, owaziwa engxoxweni yomphakathi ngokuthi i- Maricarmen decree , uhlanganisa ukunwetshwa okuqinisiwe kwezivumelwano zokuqasha, isivikelo sokulwa nokuxoshwa kwabantu abasengozini, kanye nezinguquko ezindlini zokuvakasha nezezinkathi ezithile, ngokusho kwemibiko. Izingxoxo nabalingani bephalamende ziyaqhubeka, futhi uSumar uxwayise ukuthi akuseyona neze into yokusekela okuqukethwe ngaphandle kokuthi kufakwe ukuvuselelwa kwenkontileka okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemithetho eqinile yezindlu zesizini. Lesi sinqumo kumele siqinisekiswe yiCongress zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.
Isithiyo esengeziwe emakethe yokuqasha
UMthetho Wokuqashisa Kwasemadolobheni usekelwe esimisweni senkululeko yesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi umninindlu angafaka izigaba ezivimbela izilwane ezifuywayo; uma umqashi esayina inkontileka, unesibopho sokuthobela, futhi ukwephulwa kungaholela ekuqedweni kwesivumelwano sokuqasha nokuxoshwa. UMqondisi Jikelele Wezamalungelo Ezilwane, uJosé Ramón Becerra, uvumile ePhalamende ukuthi iziphathimandla azikakatholi ibhalansi phakathi kwamalungelo abanikazi bezindlu nalawo abaqashi abahlala nezilwane. Uphinde waveza ukuthi i-Civil Code kumele inqobe lesi sithiyo nokuthi sekuvele kube nomzamo wokushintsha imithetho yokuqasha.
Idatha iyasiza ekubekeni lesi simo endaweni efanele. Ucwaningo luka-2023 olwenziwe yiFotocasa luthole ukuthi u-4% kuphela wezindlu eziku -portal yalo zisho ngokusobala ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ziyavunyelwa, yize u-58% wabanikazi bezindlu ababuziwe bethi bazimisele ukuzamukela. Leli gebe phakathi kwalokho okukhangiswayo nalokho abanikazi bezindlu abaningi abazimisele ukukubekezelela likhulisa umuzwa wokuthi isihlungi sikhona ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqale izingxoxo. Kulabo abafuna ifulethi elinenja noma ikati, izinketho zilinganiselwe kakhulu emakethe esivele icindezelwe amanani kanye nokuntuleka kwezindlu.
Indima yezilwane ezifuywayo emakhaya aseSpain nayo ibalulekile. I-Petparents Barometer yesithathu eSpain ka-2026, elungiselelwe nguHamilton, u-Aedpac, no-Iberzoo, ikhombisa ukuthi ama-53% emindeni ahlala nesilwane okungenani esisodwa , okuyiphuzu elilodwa eliphakeme kunonyaka odlule. UMnyango Wezamalungelo Ezenhlalo ubika izilwane ezifuywayo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi nanhlanu, nezinja ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-7,5 kanye namakati acishe abe yizigidi ezingu-5,6. Leli nani lidlula inani lezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nane futhi libonisa ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo: kusukela ngo-2021, inani lezilwane ezifuywayo ezibhalisiwe likhuphuke ngo-14%.
I-FAADA igcizelela ukuthi le nkinga ayisathinti kuphela labo abasezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu. Umxhumanisi wayo wezinsizakalo zomphakathi, uNoe Terrasa, uchaza ukuthi noma ubani onesilwane sasekhaya ukuthola kunzima ukuqasha ifulethi, nokuthi sekuyinkinga enkulu emphakathini. Le nhlangano ithi kunabantu abasebenzayo abanemali engenayo abagcina belele ezimotweni zabo noma becela usizo lokunakekela izinja zabo phakathi nosuku lomsebenzi ngoba abakwazi ukuthola igumbi noma ifulethi lapho bangahlala khona nazo. Ngokolwazi lwabo, ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokuqasha ezilungele izilwane ezifuywayo nakho kuvimbela ukutholwa kwezilwane futhi kuholela ekuzinikeleni ngenkani nasekushiyweni.
Yini i-FAADA ne-PACMA abayifunayo kulesi sinqumo esisha?
I-FAADA, inhlangano ephethe umkhankaso othi "Indlu Yami Yindlu Yakho", icela ukufakwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo njengento ehlala njalo ohlelweni lwezindlu. Le nhlangano ifuna izinyathelo zesikhashana kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemakethe yokuqasha yangasese ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuba nesilwane akusho ukulahlekelwa ilungelo lokuba nekhaya . NgoSepthemba 14, i-FAADA ibambe ingqungquthela eNgqungqutheleni Yamadeputhi enesihloko esithi "Ukuya Ezindaweni Zokuqasha Ezibandakanya Konke," nabameleli bezikhungo, imikhakha yezindlu kanye nomshuwalense, izinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nochwepheshe. Ingqungquthela ibhekane nethuba lokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa okubanzi , ukusebenzisa ukulamula, kanye nokuhlola iziqinisekiso noma izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense ezenzelwe izingozi zangempela.
I-PACMA icele uhulumeni ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi lesi sinqumo esisha sivimbela izigaba ezikhipha izilwane ezifuywayo ngokuphelele futhi simise imithetho yokuhlala ndawonye kanye nesibopho somonakalo wangempela. Iqembu liphakamisa ukuqaphela ilungelo lokuhlala nezilwane ezifuywayo ezivumelwaneni zokuhlala ezijwayelekile , ngaphandle kokubandlulula izibopho zokunakekelwa, inhlonipho yomphakathi, kanye nokulungiswa komonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lifuna izinqubomgomo zezindlu zomphakathi kanye nezindawo zokulungisa eziphuthumayo zifake imindeni enezilwane ezifuywayo ukuvimbela ukuhlukana. NgoFebhuwari 2026, lase livele liphakamise ukwehliswa kwentela kubanikazi bezindlu abaqasha abantu abanezilwane ezifuywayo.
Phakathi kwemibono esakazeka kule mpikiswano ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zomphakathi njengendawo yokuhlola ngaphambi kokwelula izinguquko emakethe yangasese. I-FAADA iyakwazisa ukuzimisela kwe-ASVAL, i-Association of Rental Housing Owners, ukusebenza kukhodi yemikhuba emihle kakhulu. Isisekelo sithi phakathi kokuvumela njalo nokuvimbela njalo, kunezinye izindlela: ukuhlaziya icala ngalinye, ukuvikela ukwenqatshwa, kanye nokusungula iziqinisekiso ezilinganayo ngokumelene nezingozi ezithile. Iphinde ifune idatha enengqondo nemele kakhulu yokuhlola ububanzi benkinga nokugwema imibono ecatshangelwe kusengaphambili mayelana nabaqashi abanezilwane ezifuywayo.
Imindeni yokutholwa, ukulahlwa kanye nezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane
Ucwaningo lwakamuva, oluthi "He Would Never Do That," olwenziwe yi-Affinity Foundation, lubonisa ukuthi ngo-2025, ama-42,9% ezinja ezisindisiwe kanye nama-41,9% amakati asindisiwe athola amakhaya, amanani aphansi kunonyaka odlule. Le nhlangano ikhomba izinguquko zekheli noma ukufuduka njengesizathu esaziwayo sokushiywa, okubalwa ku-11,9% wamacala. Le datha ayivumeli ukubala ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yokwehla kokutholwa kwezingane ngenxa yemikhawulo yokuqasha, kodwa i-PACMA ikholelwa ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwezindlu kungase kudikibalise abantu abangaba ngabazali futhi kwenze isimo sibe sibi kulabo asebehlala nesilwane esifuywayo kakade.
I-FAADA ikhuluma ngisho nangezindawo ezihambisanayo: izimo lapho inkinga ingaveli nje kuphela ekwentuleni imali engenayo, kodwa futhi nasekubandlululweni ngokuhlala nenja noma ikati. Ezinhlelweni zayo zomphakathi, le nhlangano iphawule ukuthi inani labantu abangenamakhaya liphindaphindeke ngonyaka odlule, kanye nalo, inani lezilwane ezisesimweni sokungabandakanywa. Ukuntuleka kwezindlu ezilungele izilwane ezifuywayo, bayanezela, kuphula izibopho ngokomzwelo futhi kwenza kube nzima inqubo yokubalekela ukungabi nakhaya. Yingakho begcizelela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zezindlu azikwazi ukunganaki imindeni enezinhlobo eziningi.
Izingxoxo ezivulekile kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Uhulumeni uhlela ukwamukela umthetho-mthetho wezindlu emhlanganweni woMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe, yize isivumelwano namaqembu ephalamende singakaphothulwa. Lo mbhalo kuzodingeka uqinisekiswe yiCongress zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, isikhathi lapho i-FAADA ne-PACMA zizozama ukufaka iziphakamiso zazo embhalweni wokugcina. Ukuxoshwa kukaMaricarmen Abascal, owesifazane oneminyaka engu-87 ubudala eMadrid, kwandisa ingcindezi yezenhlalo neyezepolitiki ukuze kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni. USumar ufuna ukuvuselelwa kwenkontileka ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokulawulwa kwezindlu zesizini, kuyilapho abanye abalingani bomfelandawonye begcina izimo zabo.
Izinhlangano zamalungelo ezilwane zinethemba lokuthi izingxoxo zizokwandisa imibono ngokufinyelela izindlu. I-FAADA ifingqa isimo sayo ngombono olula: ukufinyelela ophahleni olungaphezu kwekhanda lomuntu akufanele kuphoqe noma ubani ukuba ahlukanise umndeni wakhe. I-PACMA, yona, igcizelela ukuthi iziqinisekiso zabaqashi kumele zihambisane nezikhuthazo kubanikazi bezindlu kanye nemithetho ecacile mayelana nokuhlala ndawonye kanye nomonakalo. Zombili ziyavuma ukuthi isinqumo sezindlu siyithuba lokuyeka ukuphatha izilwane njengento eyengeziwe edingekayo ezinkontilekeni zokuqasha.
Impikiswano ephathelene nokuqasha eSpain idlulela ngale kwentengo nokutholakala. Izigaba ezivimbela izilwane ezifuywayo, ukuntuleka kwedatha esemthethweni mayelana nobukhulu benkinga, kanye nokwesaba kwabaninikhaya abaningi ngomonakalo ongaba khona kudale isithiyo esithinta izinkulungwane zemindeni. I-FAADA kanye ne-PACMA bafuna lesi sinqumo esisha sokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwezindlu ngokuphelele , sivumele ukuhlolwa kwamacala ngamanye, futhi sivume amaqiniso emindeni ehlala nezilwane. Uma lezi zidingo zifakwa ezingxoxweni ePhalamende, umthetho ungabeka isisekelo semakethe yokuqasha ehlanganisa konke; ngaphandle kwalokho, izindlu zizohlala ziyilungelo elinzima ukulisebenzisa kulabo abangafuni ukulahla izilwane zabo ezifuywayo.
